随着汉江流域水资源开发程度的逐步提高及生态需求不断增加,流域内用水与流域外调水、水资源综合利用与生态用水的矛盾日益突出,亟需通过科学手段强化水资源配置能力,协同推进河湖生境修复与健康维持。为此,以南水北调中线工程供水量、水库发电量、生态流量保证率为目标,构建丹江口水库供水-发电-生态多目标优化调度模型,运用改进的NSGA-Ⅲ优化算法进行求解,得到不同来水频率条件下非劣调度方案集。结果显示:生态最优方案在丰、平、枯来水条件下生态流量保障率分别提升100%、46.65%、88.89%,优化效果明显,最大限度提升生态效益的同时强化了水资源配置能力。研究成果可为推进江河保护治理和水库综合效益发挥提供指导和借鉴。

[Objective] With increasing water resource development and growing ecological demands in the Hanjiang River Basin, conflicts between intra-basin water consumption and inter-basin water transfer, as well as between comprehensive water utilization and ecological water allocation, have become increasingly prominent. It is necessary to strengthen water allocation capacity through scientific methods, coupled with coordinated strategies for riverine-lacustrine habitat restoration and ecosystem health maintenance. [Methods] To address the coordinated requirements of water supply, power generation, and ecological benefits, a multi-objective optimized scheduling model for the Danjiangkou Reservoir was established, with the objectives of maximizing water transfer volume to the North, annual power generation, and ecological flow guarantee rate. The NSGA-III algorithm was innovatively improved by introducing a differential mutation operator and an adaptive crossover strategy, thereby enhancing the solution efficiency of the multi-objective optimization model. Additionally, a river hydrological health assessment method was incorporated to provide new insights for maintaining the ecological stability of the reservoir river section and the middle-lower reaches of the Hanjiang River. [Results] The optimization results showed that the ecologically optimized scheme significantly improved the ecological flow guarantee rate, with increases of 100%, 46.65%, and 88.89% in wet, normal, and dry years respectively. The optimization effects were significant, maximizing ecological benefits while strengthening water allocation. The river hydrological health assessment of the ecologically optimized scheme revealed that under low-inflow conditions, the optimized scheme effectively promoted overall river hydrological health. [Conclusion] The optimized scheme plays a positive role in ensuring the water transfer volume to the North, improving the ecological environment of the middle and lower reaches, and strengthening water resource allocation. Under reduced inflow conditions, compared to the conventional scheme, the optimized approach substantially improves comprehensive utilization efficiency and reduces water wastage. While pursuing ecological benefits, it alleviates the competition between ecological, water supply, and power generation demands. Furthermore, the river hydrological health assessment of the ecologically optimized scheme demonstrates that under low-inflow conditions, the optimized approach helps enhance overall river hydrological health, thereby promoting ecological stability in the downstream of the Danjiangkou Reservoir during dry periods. This study provides new insights for maintaining the ecological stability of the reservoir river section and the middle-lower reaches of the Hanjiang River.