为了研究人类活动影响下丘陵到平原区流域洪水模拟的关键问题,包括流域内降雨空间分布不均、丘陵平原产汇流差异大、下垫面受水利工程建设和调度影响等复杂边界条件,并提出相应的解决办法和模型,以汉北河为例,将大流域划分为11个单元,通过分析场次暴雨在各单元的空间分布解决降雨空间不均的问题;各单元根据各自下垫面条件进行API水文模型参数的率定,解决了丘陵平原产汇流差异大的问题,提高了模型参数与实际情况的贴合度。在模型中,将河流改道、水库、蓄滞洪区、水闸、泵站建设和调度、土地利用等人类活动对汇流的影响纳入物理模型和产汇流模拟中,以便构建符合实际调度的下垫面产汇流体系。模拟计算的洪峰的纳什系数NSE均在0.85以上,模拟结果表明洪峰流量、水位及峰现时间与实测值吻合良好。
Abstract
This paper aims to investigate key issues related to simulating floods from hilly to plain areas due to human activities and propose corresponding solutions and models. These issues encompass the uneven spatial distribution of rainfall within the basin, substantial differences in runoff generation and convergence between hilly and plain areas, and complex boundary conditions influenced by water conservancy engineering construction and scheduling. To address these issues, the Hanbei River basin is divided into 11 units as a case study. The uneven spatial distribution of rainfall is tackled by analyzing the spatial distribution of extreme rainfall events in each unit. Calibration of each unit’s hydrological model parameters is conducted based on its underlying surface conditions using the API model, thereby improving the model’s fit to the actual conditions and addressing the significant differences in runoff generation and convergence between hilly and plain areas. The model incorporates the impacts of human activities such as river diversion, reservoirs, flood storage areas, sluices, pump stations construction, and scheduling, as well as land use, into the physical model and runoff simulation. This integration enables the construction of a runoff system that accurately reflects actual scheduling scenarios. The NSE values of simulated peak flows for all scenarios exceed 0.85, indicating strong agreement between simulated and measured values for peak flow, water level, and peak time.
关键词
暴雨洪水模拟 /
水文水动力嵌套耦合模型 /
汉北河流域 /
人类活动影响
Key words
simulation of heavy rain and flooding /
coupled hydrological and hydrodynamic model /
Hanbei River basin /
influence of human activities
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] 胡春歧, 张登杰. 水文模型进展及展望[J]. 南水北调与水利科技, 2004, 2(6): 29-30. (HU Chun-qi, ZHANG Deng-jie. Hydrology Models Progress & Prospect[J]. South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science & Technology, 2004, 2(6): 29-30.(in Chinese))
[2] 杨甜甜, 梁国华, 何 斌, 等. 基于水文水动力学耦合的洪水预报模型研究及应用[J]. 南水北调与水利科技, 2017, 15(1): 72-78. (YANG Tian-tian, LIANG Guo-hua, HE Bin, et al. Study and Application of a Flood Forecasting Model Based on Coupled Hydrological-hydrodynamic Approach[J]. South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science & Technology, 2017, 15(1): 72-78.(in Chinese))
[3] 周 琦, 朱跃龙, 陆佳民, 等. 组合式水文模型建模方法综述[J]. 国外电子测量技术, 2020, 39(2): 11-18. (ZHOU Qi, ZHU Yue-long, LU Jia-min, et al. Overview of Combined Hydrological Modeling Methods[J]. Foreign Electronic Measurement Technology, 2020, 39(2): 11-18.(in Chinese))
[4] 马仕先, 周 刚, 童思陈, 等. 基于HSPF模型的平原河网地区流域划分[J]. 人民长江, 2023, 54(11): 76-82. (MA Shi-xian, ZHOU Gang, TONG Si-chen, et al. Watershed Partitioning in Plain River Network Area Based on HSPF Model[J]. Yangtze River, 2023, 54(11): 76-82.(in Chinese))
[5] 李致家,姚 成,张 珂,等.基于网格的精细化降雨径流水文模型及其在洪水预报中的应用[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2017,45(6):471-480.(LI Zhi-jia,YAO Cheng,ZHANG Ke,et al. Research and Application of the High-resolution Rainfall Runoff Hydrological Model in Flood Forecasting[J].Journal of Hohai University (Natural Sciences),2017,45(6):471-480.(in Chinese))
[6] 曾志强,杨明祥,雷晓辉,等.流域河流系统水文-水动力耦合模型研究综述[J].中国农村水利水电,2017(9):72-76.(ZENG Zhi-qiang,YANG Ming-xiang,LEI Xiao-hui,et al.A Review of Hydrological-Hydrodynamic Coupling Models for River-basin Systems[J].China Rural Water and Hydropower,2017(9):72-76.(in Chinese))
[7] 翁朝晖,向志波,余骐城,等. 湖北省汉江堤防加固重点工程(汉北河天门段)可行性研究报告[R]. 武汉:湖北省水利水电规划勘测设计院,2016.(WENG Zhao-hui, XIANG Zhi-bo, YU Qi-cheng, et al. Feasibility Report of Reinforcement Project of Hanjiang River Emabankment (Tianmen Segment of Hanbei River)[R].Wuhan: Hubei Institute of Water Resources Survey and Design Co., Ltd., 2016. (in Chinese))
[8] 胡忠义,黄远谋,万祖文,等. 天门水利志[M]. 武汉:中华书局,1999:18-20.(HU Zhong-yi, HUANG Yuan-mou, WAN Zu-wen, et al. Chronicles of Water Conservancy in Tianmen[M]. Wuhan: Zhonghua Book Company, 1999:18-20. (in Chinese))
[9] 林立中. 孝感地区水利志[M]. 武汉: 武汉大学出版社, 1996: 8-10. (LIN Li-zhong. Water Conservancy Annals in Xiaogan Area[M]. Wuhan: Wuhan University Press, 1996: 8-10.(in Chinese))
[10]吕先樟,宋鸿钧,陈永炎,等.湖北省湖泊变迁图集[R].武汉:湖北省水利厅,湖北省水利水电规划勘测设计院,1990.(L Xian-zhang,SONG Hong-jun,CHEN Yong-yan,et al.Pictures Collection of Lake Changes in Hubei Province[R].Wuhan:Water Conservancy Department of Hubei Province and Hubei Institute of Water Resources Survey and Design Co.,Ltd.,1990.(in Chinese))
[11]姚 成,邱桢毅,李致家,等.API模型和新安江模型的参数区域化研究与应用[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2019,47(3):189-194.(YAO Cheng,QIU Zhen-yi,LI Zhi-jia,et al. Parameter Regionalization Study and Application of API Model and Xin’anjiang Model[J]. Journal of Hohai University (Natural Sciences),2019,47(3):189-194.(in Chinese))
[12]庄 园. 珠江流域中小河流一维水动力学模型研究与应用[D]. 北京: 清华大学, 2019. (ZHUANG Yuan. Hydrodynamic Model Development and Application of Medium and Small Rivers in Pearl River Basin[D].Beijing: Tsinghua University, 2019. (in Chinese))
[13]康彦付, 李建柱, 马秋爽. 紫荆关流域分布式HEC-HMS水文模型构建及洪水模拟[J]. 灌溉排水学报, 2019, 38(4): 108-115. (KANG Yan-fu, LI Jian-zhu, MA Qiu-shuang. Using HEC-HMS Model to Simulate Flooding in Zijingguan Watershed[J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 2019, 38(4): 108-115.(in Chinese))
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52209016);省财政科研项目(420000-2023-218-006-001)
PDF(7947 KB)
