三峡工程投运极大改变了坝下游水沙条件。基于最新的实测水文泥沙和地形原型观测资料,分析了三峡水库蓄水后荆江河段主要洲滩演变特征,探讨了洲滩演变机理。研究表明:三峡水库蓄水后20 a间,荆江河段悬移质泥沙极大减少,河床大幅冲刷,大多数洲滩萎缩,特别是临近主流线一侧大幅崩退;三峡水库蓄水后,大型汊道中多数支汊淤积,个别扩展;坝下游水沙条件的变化是影响洲滩萎缩的主要因素;人类活动的影响,如河道采砂、航道整治工程对江心洲支汊演变产生了较大影响;荆江河段洲滩将会在较长时期处于冲刷状态。
Abstract
The impoundment of the Three Gorges Project (TGP) has altered water and sediment transport dynamics in the downstream channel.Based on series hydrological and river channel topography data, we analyze the evolution of major sandbars and discuss the underlying mechanisms in the Jingjiang River reach after TGP impoundment. Our findings reveal several key points: 1) In the two decades since TGP impoundment, suspended load significantly decreased in the Jingjiang River reach, leading to observable riverbed erosion and retreat of most sandbars, particularly those near the mainstream. 2) In major bifurcations, most branches deposited, with individual branches expanding. 3) Changes in water and sediment downstream of the TGP primarily influenced the retreat of sandbars. 4) Human activities, such as river sand excavation and channel regulation projects, have impacted branch evolution in the Jingjiang River in recent years. 5) Due to ongoing alterations in water and sediment, sandbars are expected to continue their current evolutionary trends over an extended period.
关键词
三峡工程 /
荆江河段 /
洲滩 /
演变特征 /
影响因素
Key words
Three Gorges Project /
Jingjiang River /
sandbars /
evolution characteristics /
influencing factors
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基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3201801,2023YFC3209504);国家自然科学基金长江水科学研究联合基金项目(U2040215)
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