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PDF(9285 KB)
关中地区用水结构时空演变分析
Spatio-temporal Evolution of Water Utilization Structure in the Guanzhong Region
辨析核心区域的用水结构时空演变特征,对优化水资源管理、推进社会经济与生态环境协同发展具有重要意义。选取信息熵、洛伦兹曲线、基尼系数、区位熵等方法从不同角度相互佐证、互相补充,揭示关中地区近10 a用水结构时空演变过程和空间分布特征。研究表明:2012—2021年关中地区用水结构整体向着更为均衡的方向发展,用水结构空间分布的差异性在逐渐缩小;但关中地区各类型用水空间分布存在差异,生态环境、城镇公共用水空间分布差距相对明显,关中地区各市(区)间的用水结构存在较大差异,西咸新区和西安市的用水结构最为均衡,渭南市最为失衡。研究结果与实际情况基本相符,可为关中地区优化水资源配置、科学规划用水结构提供参考。
Analyzing the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of water use structure in core areas is crucial for optimizing water resources management and promoting the coordinated development of social economy and ecological environment. We employed the methods of information entropy, Lorentz curve, Gini coefficient, and location entropy, which mutually corroborated and complemented each other from different perspectives, to uncover the spatiotemporal evolution and spatial distribution characteristics of the water use structure in the Guanzhong region of China over the past decade. Findings indicate that from 2012 to 2021, the overall water use structure in the Guanzhong region evolved towards greater balance, and the spatial distribution disparity of water use structure gradually diminished. Nevertheless, spatial distribution differences existed among various types of water use, particularly in ecological environment and urban public water use. Moreover, significant disparities were observed in the water use structure among cities (districts) in the Guanzhong region. The water use structures of the Xixian (west Xianyang) New District and Xi’an City were the most balanced, whereas that of Weinan City was the most unbalanced. These results are largely consistent with the actual situation, offering valuable references for optimizing water resources allocation and scientifically planning the water use structure in the Guanzhong region.
用水结构 / 时空演变 / 信息熵 / 洛伦兹曲线 / 基尼系数 / 区位熵
water use structure / spatio-temporal evolution / information entropy / Lorenz Curve / Gini coefficient / location entropy
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为了探究长江经济带用水结构演变特点,根据长江经济带11个省(市)2003—2020年用水量变化,采用信息熵和均衡度的理论方法,分析其用水结构特征及演变趋势,并结合主成分分析法进行了驱动力分析。结果表明:在时间尺度上,长江经济带用水总量总体呈上升趋势,其中农业、工业用水比例下降,生活、生态用水比例增加;用水结构信息熵、均衡度均呈上升趋势,用水系统均衡性增强。在空间尺度上,长江经济带下游用水系统均衡性最高,其次是上游、中游。随着农业结构的调整,预计长江流域耕地面积可能会减少,农业用水量不会有大幅上升,其占比将继续减少。预计工业用水量可能会减少,占比依然下降;生活用水量会继续提高。用水结构演变的主要驱动力有工业生产总值、GDP、节水灌溉面积、万元GDP用水量4个因子,其贡献率占96.844%。研究结果对长江水资源与生态保护具有重要参考价值。
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The characteristics and evolution trend of water use structure in the Yangtze River Economic Belt are analyzed according to the changes in water consumption of eleven provinces (cities) from 2003 to 2020 by using theoretical methods of information entropy and equilibrium degree. The driving forces are also examined via principal component analysis. Results manifest that on the time scale, the total water consumption of the Yangtze River Economic Zone is on the rise. The proportion of agricultural and industrial water consumption has declined, while the proportion of domestic and ecological water consumption has increased; the information entropy and equilibrium degree of water use structure have both increased, and the water use system is more balanced. On the spatial scale, the water consumption system in the lower reach of the Yangtze River Economic Belt is the most balanced, followed by that in the upper reach and the middle reach in sequence. With the adjustment of agricultural structure, it is expected that the area of arable land in the Yangtze River Basin may shrink, and the amount of agricultural water consumption will not rise sharply, with its proportion continue to drop. It is expected that industrial water consumption may fall, and its proportion will still decrease; domestic water consumption will continue to increase. The major driving forces for the evolution of water use structure are total industrial production value, GDP, water-saving irrigation area, and water consumption per 10 000 yuan of GDP, together contributing 96.8% to the changes.
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院报, 2021, 38(5):25-33.
辨析区域用水结构特征,对于优化区域水资源配置、社会经济与生态环境协同发展具有重要意义。利用洛伦兹曲线、基尼系数、洛伦兹不对称系数等方法,对甘肃省各区域近10 a来用水结构时空分布特征、均衡差异性、主要用水指标(万元GDP用水量、万元工业增加值用水量、人均综合用水量和净灌溉用水量)进行研究,并对研究结果进行定量分析。结果表明:甘肃省用水结构存在显著差异,工业用水、城镇公共用水、居民生活用水基尼系数均＞40%,超过了“警戒线”,空间分布极不均匀;生态环境用水、农业用水空间分布相对合理,但仍未达到“空间均衡”的治水目标;工业用水、城镇公共用水、居民生活用水具有明显的空间分布不均匀性,总体呈现出由类型用水量较大区域主导的非对称性特征。研究结果与实际情况基本吻合,表明该研究思路和研究方法可为区域水资源优化配置、用水结构分析提供一定的参考。
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Distinguishing the characteristics of regional water utilization structure is of great importance for optimizing the allocation of regional water resources and the coordinated development of social economy and ecological environment. The Lorentz curve, Gini coefficient, Lorentz asymmetry coefficient and other methods are used to quantitatively analyze the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics, equilibrium differences, and major water consumption indicators. The major water consumption indicators include 10 000 Yuan GDP water consumption, 10 000 Yuan industrial value-added water consumption, per capita comprehensive water consumption and net irrigation water consumption. Results unveil significant differences in the structure of water utilization in Gansu Province. The Gini coefficient of industrial water use, urban public water use, and domestic water consumption are all greater than 40%, exceeding the “warning line”. The ecological environmental water use and agricultural water use are relatively reasonably distributed; but have not yet reached the goal of “spatial balance” for water control. Industrial water use, urban public water use, and domestic water use are evidently unevenly distributed in spatial scale, and generally presents asymmetric characteristics dominated by areas with larger types of water consumption. The research results are basically consistent with the actual situation, which indicates that the research ideas and methods can be taken as reference for the optimization of regional water resources allocation and the analysis of water utilization.
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Social progress and economic development are based on the rational allocation of water resources. In this paper， linear trend analysis， R/S analysis， Lorentz curve， Gini coefficient and Lorentz asymmetry coefficient are used to analyze the water consumption in recent 13 years since the water consumption correction and the water consumption structure in recent 7 years since the implementation of the strictest water resources management system， the results serve as a foundation for Qinghai Province to optimize and adjust water use structures and improve water use efficiency. The results show that water consumption has shown a downward trend in recent years and the water consumption for agriculture and industry will continue to decrease. Meanwhile， the water consumption for living and ecological environment will continue to increase. There are differences in water use structure in Qinghai Province， among which the spatial difference of domestic water is the largest. The spatial difference of industrial water， ecological environment water and domestic water is gradually narrowing in recent years.There is a large gap in water consumption per capital among regions in Qinghai Province， we should improve the efficiency of water saving and optimize the industrial structure to adapt to the limited amount of water resources of key development zones. |
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