基于FVCOM水动力模式和FVCOM-SWAVE海浪模式,构建了1509号台风“灿鸿”过境期间的波流耦合风暴潮模式;在对风暴潮增水和有效波高验证良好的基础上,开展了波流相互作用对增水的影响及风暴潮增水动力要素量化分析。研究发现:在近岸浅水海域,波流耦合作用对水位影响显著,在风暴潮增水极值时刻,其对水位的贡献率达14%左右,并且高潮位时刻波流耦合作用倾向于引起减水,低潮位时刻波流相互作用倾向于引起增水;考虑波流耦合后,有效波高模拟结果与实测数据更加吻合;风场对风暴潮增水起主导作用,影响范围集中在浙江近岸海域和杭州湾海域,最大风暴潮增水可达2 m;在开阔海域,气压对台风中心范围风暴潮增水作用显著,而在近岸海域特别是杭州湾湾顶,天文潮-风暴潮非线性相互作用和波流相互作用对风暴潮增水的作用增强,最大增水分别可达1.2 m和0.5 m。相关研究结果可为海岸防灾减灾提供参考。

Based on the FVCOM hydrodynamic model and the FVCOM-SWAVE wave model, we developed a wave-current coupled storm surge model for the Bohai sea, Yellow sea, and East China Sea during Typhoon “Chan-hom”. Following rigorous validation of surge elevations and significant wave heights, we quantified the impact of wave-current interaction on storm surge and identified key dynamic factors. Findings indicate that wave-current interaction significantly influences surge elevations in near-shore shallow waters, contributing approximately 14% to peak surge water levels. During high tide periods, wave-current interaction tends to reduce surge elevations, but increases surge levels during low tide periods. Accounting for wave-current interaction, the simulated significant wave heights show better agreement with observations. Additionally, the study compares the contributions of tide-surge interaction, wind field, and pressure to surge elevation. The wind field primarily drives surge elevations, with its effects most pronounced in the coastal waters of Zhejiang Province and Hangzhou Bay, where maximum surge elevations reach up to 2 m. In open sea areas, air pressure dominates surge elevations within the typhoon center’s radius. However, in coastal waters, particularly at the head of Hangzhou Bay, nonlinear tide-surge interaction and wave-current interaction significantly impact surge elevations, with respective maxima of 1.2 m and 0.5 m. These findings offer critical insights for enhancing coastal disaster prevention and mitigation strategies.