低温来流对深水水库过饱和总溶解气体输移的影响

doi:10.11988/ckyyb.20230454

院报 ›› 2024, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (9): 35-43.DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20230454

低温来流对深水水库过饱和总溶解气体输移的影响

周哲成¹^,²^,³(), 石浩洋¹^,², 郭辉¹^,²^,⁴(), 王智欣¹^,², 李析男⁵, 杨文俊¹^,², 金光球³

¹ 水力学研究所,武汉 430010
² 流域水资源与生态环境科学湖北省重点实验室,武汉 430010
³ 河海大学水利水电学院,南京 210098
⁴ 河海大学环境学院,南京 210098
⁵ 贵州省水利水电勘测设计研究院科技创新部,贵阳 550002

收稿日期:2023-05-04 修回日期:2023-08-21 出版日期:2024-09-01 发布日期:2024-09-20
通讯作者: 郭辉
作者简介:
周哲成(1999-),男,浙江台州人,硕士,研究方向为生态水利。E-mail:zhouzhecheng@hhu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3203904); 国家自然科学基金项目(52130903); 国家自然科学基金项目(U2340218); 中国长江三峡集团科研项目(0704179); 贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2021]一般467); 中央级科研院所基本科研业务费项目(CKSF2023401/SL)

Influence of Low-temperature Inflow on the Transport of Supersaturated Total Dissolved Gas in Deep-Water Reservoir

ZHOU Zhe-cheng¹^,²^,³(), SHI Hao-yang¹^,², GUO Hui¹^,²^,⁴(), WANG Zhi-xin¹^,², LI Xi-nan⁵, YANG Wen-jun¹^,², JIN Guang-qiu³

¹ Hydraulics Department,Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute,Wuhan 430010,China
² Hubei KeyLaboratory of Basin Water Resources and Eco-environmental Science, Changjiang River Scientific ResearchInstitute, Wuhan 430010, China
³ College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, HohaiUniversity, Nanjing 210098, China
⁴ College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
⁵ Department of Technological Innovation, Guizhou Survey & Design Research Institute for Water Resourcesand Hydropower, Guiyang 550002, China

Received:2023-05-04 Revised:2023-08-21 Published:2024-09-01 Online:2024-09-20
Contact: GUO Hui

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

梯级深水水库产生的水温分层现象可降低下游水库来流水温,导致泄洪水体总溶解气体(TDG)的过饱和程度随库区密度分层流的输移过程产生变化。以溪洛渡—向家坝区间为研究区域,基于原位观测和数值模拟相结合的研究手段,研究低温来流对深水水库过饱和TDG纵向和垂向输移过程的影响规律。研究表明:①来流水温降低2 ℃,TDG云团潜入位置提前36.4 km,峰值垂向位置下移55 m、垂向影响范围减少23%;②来流水温降低2 ℃,TDG饱和度110%以上云团输移至向家坝坝前阶段和后续阶段,包络面积衰减速率降幅分别为16%和44%;③从射流区到交换区过饱和TDG平均纵向迁移速度显著降低,降幅达92%;④来流水温降低2 ℃,向家坝表孔出流TDG饱和度峰值和均值的降低程度分别为机组出流的3.2倍和4倍;⑤水温降低对鱼类安全水深阈值的补偿效应可量化为0.20 m/℃。研究成果可为梯级深水水库汛期生态调度提供科学支撑。

关键词: TDG输移过程, 数学模型, 水库水温分层, 总溶解气体(TDG), 云团位置, 水温补偿, 生态调度, 梯级深水水库

Abstract:

The stratification of water temperature in deep-water cascade reservoirs reduces the inflow temperature of downstream reservoir, altering the supersaturation degree of total dissolved gas (TDG) in flow discharges. With the Xiluodu-Xiangjiaba cascade reservoirs as a case study, we investigated the impact of lower-temperature inflow on the longitudinal and vertical transport processes of supersaturated TDG in deep-water reservoir via field observation in association with numerical simulation. Finds reveal that: 1) a 2 ℃ decrease in inflow temperature advances the submersion position of TDG cloud by 36.4 km, shifts the peak TDG saturation down by 55 m, and reduces its vertical influence range by 23%. 2) With a 2 ℃ decrease in inflow temperature, as the TDG cloud with a saturation over 110% transports to front of the Xiangjiaba dam, the decay rate of enveloped area decreases by 16%; in subsequent transport stage, the decay rate reduces by 44%. 3) The average longitudinal transport velocity of supersaturated TDG from the jet flow zone to the interflow zone plunges by 92%. (4) As inflow temperature reduces by 2 ℃, the peak and mean TDG saturation of the outflow from Xiangjiaba’s surface orifices reduce by 3.2 and 4 times that of the outflow from power generating set, respectively. (5) The compensation effect of temperature reduction on the safe water depth threshold for fish can be quantified as 0.20 m/ ℃. The findings provide scientific support for ecological dispatching of deep-water reservoirs during flood seasons.

Key words: TDG transport process, mathematical model, reservoir water temperature stratification, total dissolved gas, cloud position, water temperature compensation, ecological dispatching, cascade deep-water reservoir

中图分类号:

TV131.34

周哲成, 石浩洋, 郭辉, 王智欣, 李析男, 杨文俊, 金光球. 低温来流对深水水库过饱和总溶解气体输移的影响[J]. 院报, 2024, 41(9): 35-43.

ZHOU Zhe-cheng, SHI Hao-yang, GUO Hui, WANG Zhi-xin, LI Xi-nan, YANG Wen-jun, JIN Guang-qiu. Influence of Low-temperature Inflow on the Transport of Supersaturated Total Dissolved Gas in Deep-Water Reservoir[J]. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, 2024, 41(9): 35-43.

图/表 15

图1 研究区域示意图

Fig.1 Diagram of the study area

表1 原位观测断面信息

Table 1 Information of field observation cross-sections

断面编号	监测断面名称	坝下距离/ km	监测数据范围
断面编号	监测断面名称	坝下距离/ km	测点水深/m	水温/℃	TDG饱和度/ %
1	溪洛渡电站尾水出口	1	—	19.4	134.0
2	永久大桥	3	2.0	19.5	127.1
3	洋丰码头	20	4.8	19.4	138.6
4	桧溪镇	33	[2.0,12.9]	[19.3,19.5]	[131.8,134.3]
5	南岸镇	80	[2.5,22.2]	[19.4,19.7]	[129.8,132.4]
6	向家坝坝前	150	[1.5,26.2]	[19.3,19.4]	[122.6,130.2]

图2 上游和下游边界条件注:图2(a)中的TDG饱和度为研究时段平均来流水温21.8 ℃工况下的饱和度,各来流水温工况下上游来流的溶解氧气浓度和氮气浓度相同。

Fig.2 Upstream and downstream boundary conditions

图3 向家坝坝前断面水位率定结果

Fig.3 Calibration result of water level at cross-section in front of Xiangjiaba dam

图4 水温垂向分布率定结果

Fig.4 Calibration result of vertical water temperature distribution

图5 不同深度下TDG饱和度纵向沿程分布率定结果

Fig.5 Calibration result of longitudinal distribution of TDG saturation at different depths

图6 水温和TDG饱和度垂向分布验证结果

Fig.6 Validation results of vertical distribution of water temperature and TDG saturation

图7 溪洛渡—向家坝区间过饱和TDG分区模式注:S=150 km处于向家坝坝前,计算区域为国家坝库区沿河道中心线的纵剖面,以下同。

Fig.7 Zoning of supersaturated TDG in Xiluodu-Xiangjiaba cascade reservoirs

图8 温度补偿下不同来流温度工况过饱和TDG在库区的输移过程

Fig.8 Transport processes of supersaturated TDG clouds with different inflow temperatures under temperature compensation effect

图9 TDG饱和度面积百分比累积曲线

Fig.9 Accumulated curves of the percentage of TDG saturation area

图10 饱和度前锋平均纵向位置随时间的变化(饱和度=130%)

Fig.10 Time-dependent change in mean longitudinal position of saturation front (saturation degree 130%)

图11 饱和度前锋平均纵向位置距平随时间的变化(饱和度=130%)

Fig.11 Time-dependent change in the anomaly of mean longitudinal position of saturation front (saturation degree 130%)

图12 表孔和机组出流水体TDG饱和度随时间的变化

Fig.12 Time-dependent variations of the saturation degrees of TDG in the outflow from surface orifices and power generating sets

图13 温度补偿和深度补偿对于水体TDG饱和度的影响注:TDG饱和度140%指来流水温21.8 ℃工况下水体的TDG饱和度(未进行分层取水调控时,研究时段向家坝水库平均来流水温为21.8 ℃,因此以21.8 ℃为基准),特定饱和度下各来流水温工况的氧气浓度和氮气浓度相同。

Fig.13 Effect of temperature compensation and depth compensation on TDG saturation

表2 补偿效应下不同饱和度的鱼类安全水深阈值(当地大气压为96.84 kPa时)

Table 2 Safe water depth thresholds for fish at different TDG saturation levels under compensation effects at local atmospheric pressure of 96.84 kPa

坝下近区 TDG饱和度/%	不同水温下的安全水深阈值/m
坝下近区 TDG饱和度/%	22.2 ℃	21.8 ℃	21.4 ℃	21.0 ℃	20.6 ℃	20.2 ℃
140	2.48	2.42	2.30	2.24	2.13	2.06
130	1.60	1.53	1.43	1.36	1.27	1.20
120	0.71	0.64	0.56	0.49	0.41	0.34

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低温来流对深水水库过饱和总溶解气体输移的影响

Influence of Low-temperature Inflow on the Transport of Supersaturated Total Dissolved Gas in Deep-Water Reservoir

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