数字孪生技术正在水利行业快速应用发展。对水利数字孪生建设中水动力学模型的支撑作用进行了梳理分析,提出了水利数字孪生对水动力学模型的需求及解决方法。介绍了水利数字孪生中典型一维无压/有压水动力学模型模拟能力提升关键技术和大范围高精度二维水动力学模型计算效率提升关键技术。详细介绍了发展前沿中的坝堤溃决过程、暴雨山洪等特殊水动力学模型的数值挑战、关键技术、应用场景等方面内容。最后,从水动力学模型维度和功能、预测结果评估与实时校正技术、机理模型和数据驱动模型融合、虚拟计算与物理实体互馈模型等方面对水动力学模型发展方向进行了展望。研究成果可更好地支撑智慧水利建设。

The digital twin technology has been developing rapidly in the water resources field. This paper outlines how hydrodynamic models underpin the digital twin of water resources, and proposes the requirements for advancing hydrodynamic models and suggests corresponding model solutions. Key techniques for enhancing the capabilities of typical models in digital twins of water resources, such as 1D free surface and/or pressurized hydrodynamic models, are introduced. Techniques for improving the computational efficiency of 2D hydrodynamic models in large areas with high resolution are also described. Specifically, the mathematical challenges, key techniques and applications of recently developed models inclusive of coupled hydrodynamics and sediment transport models for the breaching processes of dams and dikes as well as hydrodynamic models for flash floods aiming at optimizing early warning systems are expounded. Finally, directions for further development of hydrodynamic models are proposed, including the need for higher-dimensional models and coupled models involving different dimensions, models for multi-phase processes, further investigation into evaluation and real-time modification techniques for hydrodynamic modeling, development of integrated models combining physically-based and data-driven approaches, and the establishment of mutual connections and feedback models for virtual modeling and physical reality control.