2020年6月12日凌晨,贵州省正安县白花河流域突降大暴雨至特大暴雨,致碧峰集镇所在地发生特大山洪灾害。为探寻此次山洪灾害成因,在资料收集和现场勘测基础上,分析了灾情、雨情和水情,还原了山洪动态淹没过程,并利用基于二维浅水方程开发的洪水演进模型软件对洪水演进过程进行了模拟和验证,得出以下主要结论:①特殊的地形地貌和独特的地理位置为灾害发生提供了基础条件;②短历时超强降雨叠加较高的前期累积降雨量是诱发灾害关键因素;③河道现状防洪能力不足与洪峰流量过大的矛盾使得灾害发生成为必然;④非常住人口与流动人口较多,妇女和儿童自救能力差,部分群众避险意识不强,极大增加了灾害损失。在此基础上,提出了科学规划顶层设计、完善山洪灾害群测群防体系、细化防洪减灾动态管理等启示和建议。研究成果对防洪减灾、洪水风险分析和灾情评估等山洪灾害防治工作具有一定的借鉴和指导意义。
Abstract
To explore the causes of the “2020·6·12” flash flood disaster in Zheng'an County, Guizhou Province, data was collected and site surveys were conducted. The disaster, flood and rain conditions were analyzed. The dynamic process of flood inundation was simulated and verified using two-dimensional flow model software based on two-dimensional shallow water equations. The causes of the flash flood disaster were obtained: 1) The special topography provided basic conditions for the disaster; 2) Short-duration heavy rainfall superimposed on high previous cumulative rainfall was the key factor in inducing disaster; 3) The contradiction between the inadequate flood control capacity of the river course and excessive peak discharge made disasters inevitable; 4) Many non-residents and floating population, women and children with poor self-rescue ability, and people with low risk-avoidance awareness greatly increased disaster risks. On this basis, some measures to prevent and control flash flood disasters were proposed such as scientific top-level design, improvement of mass monitoring system and prevention of flash flood disaster, and detailed dynamic management of flood control and disaster reduction.
关键词
山洪灾害 /
洪水淹没 /
成因分析 /
灾害启示 /
贵州正安
Key words
flash flood disaster /
inundated by floods /
analysis of causes /
disaster enlightenment /
Zheng'an County, Guizhou Province
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基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFE0111900);江西省科技重点研发计划项目(20203BBGL73220)
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