如何发挥河湖长制平台作用,加强流域统筹协调,提升河湖管理“共抓”和“大保护”水平,是深化河湖长制需要破解的管理难题。研究系统梳理河湖长制演进历程,分析深化河湖长制对流域统筹的需求,以河湖长制为抓手,提出流域统筹能力建设建议:①修订现行涉水管理法律、推进大江大河保护立法、出台流域保护条例和跨省界河湖联防联控指导意见;②依托全面推行河湖长制工作部际联席会议平台深化部际合作,建立完善“流域管理机构+省级河长办”协作机制深化流域协作,省级河长制办公室(简称“河长办”)互聘互派人员深化区域合作;③在全流域探索形成统一规划、统一标准、联合执法的流域统筹机制;④部际联席会议办公室监督检查跨界河湖流域统筹工作,检查结果作为省级领导干部的年度综合评价依据;⑤流域监测与信息共享开展部际合作,流域管理机构建立流域涉水大数据中心,相邻区域省级河长办组织开展省际边界联合监测监控;⑥ 生态补偿作为部际合作重点事项,赋予流域管理机构参与生态补偿管理的行政职能。

To strengthen the overall planning and coordination of river basins and improve the level of joint management and great protection of rivers and lakes are problems to be solved in implementing the river chief system. By summarizing the progresses of river chief system and analyzing the demand for overall planning, we put forward suggestions on enhancing the capacity of overall planning and coordination for major river basins as follows: (1) the current water related management law can be revised, the legislation of large rivers and lakes protection promoted; regulation for river basin protection and guidance for joint prevention and control should be promulgated for trans-provincial rivers and lakes. (2) Inter-ministerial cooperation should be deepened through the inter-ministerial joint meeting platform, and basin cooperation should be facilitated by establishing and improving the “basin management organization in association with provincial river chief office”; regional cooperation can be fostered by employing and assigning personnel among provincial river chief offices in the basin. (3) A unified planning, unified standard and joint implementation mechanism can be built throughout the basin. (4) The inter-ministerial joint meeting office should supervise and inspect the overall planning of major river basins, and the investigation results can be taken as annual comprehensive evaluation basis for provincial leaders. (5) Inter-ministerial cooperation can be carried out for watershed monitoring and information sharing; water-related big data center can be built by basin management organizations; joint monitoring of provincial boundaries can be conducted between provincial river chief offices of adjacent provinces. (6) Ecological compensation should be regraded as the key issue of inter-ministerial cooperation, and basin management organizations should participate in ecological management.