辨析区域用水结构特征,对于优化区域水资源配置、社会经济与生态环境协同发展具有重要意义。利用洛伦兹曲线、基尼系数、洛伦兹不对称系数等方法,对甘肃省各区域近10 a来用水结构时空分布特征、均衡差异性、主要用水指标(万元GDP用水量、万元工业增加值用水量、人均综合用水量和净灌溉用水量)进行研究,并对研究结果进行定量分析。结果表明:甘肃省用水结构存在显著差异,工业用水、城镇公共用水、居民生活用水基尼系数均＞40%,超过了“警戒线”,空间分布极不均匀;生态环境用水、农业用水空间分布相对合理,但仍未达到“空间均衡”的治水目标;工业用水、城镇公共用水、居民生活用水具有明显的空间分布不均匀性,总体呈现出由类型用水量较大区域主导的非对称性特征。研究结果与实际情况基本吻合,表明该研究思路和研究方法可为区域水资源优化配置、用水结构分析提供一定的参考。
Abstract
Distinguishing the characteristics of regional water utilization structure is of great importance for optimizing the allocation of regional water resources and the coordinated development of social economy and ecological environment. The Lorentz curve, Gini coefficient, Lorentz asymmetry coefficient and other methods are used to quantitatively analyze the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics, equilibrium differences, and major water consumption indicators. The major water consumption indicators include 10 000 Yuan GDP water consumption, 10 000 Yuan industrial value-added water consumption, per capita comprehensive water consumption and net irrigation water consumption. Results unveil significant differences in the structure of water utilization in Gansu Province. The Gini coefficient of industrial water use, urban public water use, and domestic water consumption are all greater than 40%, exceeding the “warning line”. The ecological environmental water use and agricultural water use are relatively reasonably distributed; but have not yet reached the goal of “spatial balance” for water control. Industrial water use, urban public water use, and domestic water use are evidently unevenly distributed in spatial scale, and generally presents asymmetric characteristics dominated by areas with larger types of water consumption. The research results are basically consistent with the actual situation, which indicates that the research ideas and methods can be taken as reference for the optimization of regional water resources allocation and the analysis of water utilization.
关键词
用水结构 /
分布特征 /
洛伦兹曲线 /
基尼系数 /
甘肃省
Key words
water consumption structure /
distribution characteristics /
Lorentz curve /
Gini coefficient /
Gansu Province
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基金
2019年度黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室开放基金课题(SKLLQG1933);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划面上项目(2017JM4018);陕西省考古研究所项目(211829190515)
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