落石运动轨迹的研究是进行落石拦截系统设计的关键,它直接关系到落石拦截系统的成败。采用落石质点模型与ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元软件研究落石运动轨迹特征,并对2种方法在变坡点处的偏角大小进行比较分析,然后基于实际落石灾害案例对2种方法进行比较,结果表明:忽略形状和大小的质点模型运动轨迹在变坡点处,其弹跳高度与运动距离大于数值模型;以质点模型计算结果作为防护依据,工程造价过高;对于单个典型落石而言,质点模型只能大致反映落石运动趋势,而有限元计算结果能真实反映空间范围内不同形状落石在坡面微地貌影响下不同位置的运动姿态,可以提取任意时刻落石运动特征参量,更接近实际工程情况,可预测落石运动轨迹。研究成果可为落石灾害防治提供指导。
Abstract
Research on the trajectory of rockfall is the key to the design of rockfall interception system and is directly related to the success or failure of the rockfall interception system. In this paper, the characteristics of rockfall trajectory are examined via the rockfall particle model and the ANSYS/LS-DYNA element method as comparative study. The deflection angle at the point of slope gradient change between the two methods are compared. Research findings suggest that the trajectory (including bounce height and motion distance at slope change point) of particle model in which the shape and size are neglected is larger than that in the numerical model. Designing the interception and protection system based on the results of particle model will give rise to high engineering cost; moreover, for a single typical rolling stone, the particle model can only roughly reflect the trend of motion of the falling rock. Instead, the finite element results can truly reflect the motion attitude of different shapes of rockfalls in the spatial range under the influence of slope's micro-geomorphology; it can also extract the characteristic parameters of rockfall movement at any time, which is closer to the actual engineering situation. Therefore, the dynamic finite element method is more suitable for the prediction of rockfall trajectory. The research results can provide guidance for the prevention and control of rockfall disasters.
关键词
滚石 /
运动轨迹 /
质点模型 /
ANSYS/LS-DYNA /
变坡点
Key words
rolling stone /
motion trajectory /
particle model /
ANSYS/LS-DYNA /
point of slope gradient change
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