针对地下室传统抗浮工法的不足之处，探讨了地下室泄水减压抗浮法的基本原理及相应的构造措施，结合数值模拟对影响地下室抗浮泄水减压效果的回填土宽度、泄水孔间距，以及施工过程中填土夯实度、地下室底部底层扰动程度等因素进行正交试验探讨分析，最后结合残差分析法及层次分析法对各因素的影响顺序、影响权重进行了计算。研究结果表明相对传统方式，泄水减压法变被动抗浮为主动抗浮，抗浮效果显著，且施工简便、成本低廉;各因素影响顺序 填土夯实度>填土宽度>孔间距>地下室底部扰动程度，对应权重值分别为0.55，0.27，0.15，0.03。前3个因素的总和达到0.97，故在应用该技术的工程实践中应尽量减小回填土宽度，降低填土透水性，缩减泄水孔间距均能达到良好抗浮效果，同时也应根据具体的工程条件对这3个因素的参数进行合理限制，以达到最佳降水效果，为泄水减压抗浮法的设计和施工等提供重要参考。

In view of the shortcomings of traditional basement anti-floating methods,we discussed the basic principle and the corresponding construction measures of draining decompression.We also analyzed the factors affecting the anti-floating effect with orthogonal experiments compared with numerical simulation.The factors include the width of backfill,the spacing of drainage holes,the compaction degree of backfill,and the disturbance degree of the underlying at the bottom of the basement.Finally,we calculated the influence order and weights of various factors using residual analysis method and analytic hierarchy process.Results show that compared with conventional methods,draining decompression has obvious anti-floating effect by changing passive anti-floating to active anti-floating.Moreover,it is convenient to construct,and the cost is low.The order of factors according to the influence is as follows:compaction degree of backfill>width of backfill>spacing of drainage holes>disturbance degree at the bottom of basement,and the corresponding weights are 0.55,0.27,0.15,0.03,respectively.The sum of the first three factors is up to 0.97.As a result,we should try to reduce the spacing of holes,the width and the water permeability of the backfill to achieve good anti-floating effect in engineering practice.Besides,we should also limit the parameters of these three factors reasonably in order to achieve the best effect of lowering water level according to specific engineering conditions.The research method provides an important reference for the design and construction of the anti-floating method by draining decompression.